The Urgency Imperative

John Kotter, a well-known change expert, defines urgency as a combination of thinking, attitudes, and behaviours. Urgency is a hyper-alertness and represents a commitment to addressing an important issue that suddenly arises, whether inside or outside of the organization. When organizational leaders are disconnected from the external world, their followers are insulated from external threats to organizational success and thus disconnected from the internal operational elements of the organization, resulting in organizational inertia.

Any organization that lacks a sense of urgency loses to organizational inertia, the status quo, and complacency. Once this condition takes hold, the organization enters a decline and ultimately faces a state of demise. An example of a leader expressing a sense of urgency was Colonel Joshua Chamberlain, in 1863 just prior to the Battle of Gettysburg. Not a professional soldier but a college professor prior to the Civil War, he eloquently stated, “Men, I think if we lose this battle, we lose the war.”

While most people may not know the history, Chamberlain’s courageous stand on the hilltop named Little Round Top on the second day of the battle is credited with saving the Union Army at the Battle of Gettysburg. His courage and ability to influence the behaviour of his men are lessons for us all and frame the core of the US Army’s leadership development credo “Be-Know-Do.”

CORPORATE HARMONY is grateful to Dr. Michael E. Frisina for his contributions to this entry.

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Strategic Atrophy

I was recently reading about how some leaders are not properly addressing today’s environmental and strategic threats because they continue to use outdated and antiquated models of assessing what is actually a threat and what is the best course of action. The author attributed this to what he deemed as “strategic atrophy.”

As unique challenges arise in your workplaces you need to avoid this problem of strategic atrophy. Leaders today are confronting some very unique challenges. The most profound and global-reaching, is the recent pandemic — and the way in which innovation and change has had to happen continually … even daily, in your work environments.

New challenges, such as a pandemic, require you as leaders, to recognize that the status quo isn’t going to help you succeed in this new post-pandemic environment. If you continue to innovate and strategize as you always have, the world and health care in general, will leave you behind. You need to evaluate if your current strategy is based on an outdated premise or model. What worked ten or even five years ago may not work today.

You need to be committed to the reality of continuous performance improvement in action not just in words. Most importantly now is the time to get creative. Necessity is the mother of all invention. You are living in a time where there are compelling reasons to get inventive. Instead of clinging to past success as a model on which to base performance, now is the time to harness disruption and to invent and improve.

This will require entire work forces to be adept at change. They must be taught how to change – not just in terms of ‘what’s new’, but in terms of how to create the necessary mindset wherein change is neither disruptive or upsetting. This will require an organizational culture change to a new way of thinking and behaving. In order to pull it off, you and your people will need the skill of Positive Presence.

CORPORATE HARMONY is grateful to Dr. Michael E. Frisina for his contributions to this entry.

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Leaders Must Say No to the Status Quo

Leaders today need to be highly dissatisfied with the status quo. They must be unwilling to allow preventable pain and suffering to continue needlessly. They must be unwilling to waste precious resources and to settle for second-rate productivity and financial performance. The emphasis on reducing unnecessary and avoidable readmissions to hospitals is an example of the unwillingness to continue to waste resources and allow preventable harm to continue for patients. Volition enables dissatisfied leaders to make a choice to bring back emotional meaning and purpose to their work. In addition, volition increases the desirability factor in the change equation. In most instances, people will voluntarily change their behaviour if they are told the “why” (the conviction) before they are taught the “what” (convincing) and the “how”(compelling). And learning the skill of Positive Presence will create the mindset that will easily allow you to change behaviour.

All great innovation, really big changes, are inspired by the concept of “why” – the purpose, cause, and belief in what many peak performers refer to as the urgency imperative. If you inspire me by raising my level of dissatisfaction with the status quo, raising my level of desire by demonstrating the benefits, and showing me that what you are asking me to do is practical, doable and achievable, then you increase the likelihood of me embracing the change. To change behaviour you must first use experience to change beliefs; you have to act, not think. Experience generates feelings that inform future experiences. The more positive the feelings and the more direct the link to experience, the more likely beliefs are to change. When beliefs change (dissatisfaction, desirability, practicality) so do behaviours.

One of the key characteristics of influential leaders is their ability to stimulate volition in themselves and among their followers. They do this by creating a sense of urgency, living a life with purpose, and pursuing excellence. When we choose to make this step in our leadership behaviour we will see profound impacts on our resulting outcomes, goals, and objectives. As research indicates, actively motivated staff work harder, have less instances of loss, and have fewer errors and mistakes. This occurs because the connection forged through behaviour change impacts those who work with us to pursue excellence and focus less on the conviction of just doing their jobs. As Simon Sinek, author of the book, Start with Why suggests, “If you hire people just because they can do a job, they’ll work for your money. But if you hire people who believe what you believe, they’ll work for you with blood and sweat and tears.”

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From Conviction to Volition

Austrian physician Ignaz Semmelweis discovered in the 1850’s that hand washing was the number one means of preventing the spread of infection between care providers and their patients. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Foundation reports 160 years later, in the United States, nearly 100,000 patient deaths occur annually as a result of hospital-acquired infection. Private organizations, advocates, and public health entities spend countless hours and dollars to provide training and literature on the benefits of hand washing. Yet, until the recent pandemic, many health care professionals continued to disregard these hand washing protocols. In fact, prior to the pandemic, studies indicated that health care providers were more likely to wash their hands when leaving a patient’s room rather than entering the patient’s room. This variance reflects that health care workers, prior to the pandemic, were more concerned about transmission of infection from the patient to themselves than they were about transmitting infection to the patient.

The simple practice of hand washing indicates that knowledge alone does not compel people to change behaviour, even when they have been educated repeatedly about what to do and how to do it. Innovative thinking alone does not compel people into new practices. People must behave their way into a new way of thinking. It is action innovation, not thinking innovation that makes the difference to improving patient care outcomes in safety, quality and the service experience of care. Hand washing during the pandemic is a prime example.

So what makes people who possess knowledge about what they need to do actually change their behaviour? The answer is volition- a purposeful, intentional choice. People choose to change their behaviour when they have a compelling interest to do so. Sometimes the reason for such a decision boils down to dissatisfaction or unhappiness with the status quo; the consequences of not changing are too hurtful or unpalatable. Richard Beckhard and Rubin Harris offer this classic equation regarding change resistance: Dissatisfaction is an emotional reaction that is so negative it prevents a person from continuing routine or usual functioning.

Although it is a negative experience, dissatisfaction provides a motivation to change. Desirability is the emotional reward for making a change. It is the “what is in it for me” driver. Practicality is the realistic, attainable, and emotional acceptance of the change. Keep in mind that when it comes to behaviour and brain we are talking biology not psychology. f-MRI studies show beliefs are generated by complex recurrent firing of patterns of neurons accompanied by subtle but very specific changes in hormones and neurotransmitters.

This brain activity is developed by experience and linked to the feelings that the experience engenders. In other words, our brains are hardwired by experience and feelings about dissatisfaction, desirability, and practicality. The stronger the positive or negative feeling and the more frequent the experience, the more we become hardwired to behave the way we do. To change behaviour you almost always must first use experience to change beliefs. A person must be convinced that the change will improve their personal performance, outcomes, and workplace satisfaction. Honing your skill of Positive Presence creates the mindset that will easily allow you to change beliefs, feelings and your behaviour.

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Making the Connection

Relationships, by their nature, require constant and consistent tending. The quality of the care you put into these relationships translates into either a negative or positive experience. That is, the other person perceives every one of your interactions as good or bad. If you choose to behave poorly during an interaction, that experience will be considered negative; conversely, if you conduct yourself well, the other person will considered the experience as positive. Connectivity (connection with others) has a cumulative effect: The more your individual behaviour is seen as negative, the less likely you will be at developing a connection with that person. In order to make a connection with another person you must increase the positive experiences by improving your leader behaviour.

Effects of Negative Behaviour
Over time, negative experiences erode a leader’s influence. This is particularly true for leaders who give plenty of lip service to forging effective relationships but do nothing to advance that cause. These leaders ignore or do not seek feedback. They do not listen to others or share information with them. They micro-manage their staff, allow their emotions to control them, take accomplishments for granted, and offer more criticism than aid and resources. Negative behaviour breeds cynicism, distrust, and resistance to change, and worse, they can bring productivity to a screeching halt. Negative behaviour breeds ineffective leadership, and in health care, negative behaviour has devastating effects on patient care and quality outcomes.

One survey of employees who left their job indicated that 25 percent quit because of “ineffective leadership” and 22 percent resigned as a result of “poor relations” with a manager. While some percentage of turnover is healthy for the organization, to replace the inevitable bad hires, we cannot dismiss the relevance of the findings from attrition studies that claim that failed connections are the primary reason people leave their jobs.

Advantages of Positive Connections
Positive behaviours strengthen influence. The kind of connection made through positive interaction improves performance, boosts morale, quality, and productivity, promotes trust and accountability, and creates a culture in which work is meaningful and its performers are valued. Positive Presence is the skill that drives positive behaviour.

In this environment, the leaders are self-aware and serve as role models of responsible, professional behaviour. Their employees, in turn, are highly collaborative; they understand what the organization is trying to achieve and how their behaviour and performance contribute to that bigger picture. And, trust and accountability are not just expected, they become the norm.

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You Cannot Lead Them If You Don’t Love Them

All new leaders must realize that for people to truly follow your lead, they first must believe that you, as their leader have their very best interests at heart. This belief is grounded in a positive emotional connection between the leader and the followers. This connection is created in the daily experience of the leader’s behaviour. This connection is sustained in the consistent daily experience of matching the leader’s words to the leader’s behaviour.
Kristen Aldridge and Seth Mattison, cofounders of the new platform Luminate, share their mission for this new platform, to connect, support, empower and inspire leaders and entrepreneurs to create work experiences that fill people up, rather than run them dry. Aldridge is an Emmy-winning journalist and Mattison is an internationally renowned author and expert on the future of work and leadership. In a 2018 article Mattison describes what he believes about leadership in today’s world.

Mattison says that if you want to be a leader today, it’s not about whether or not you like people. If you want to be a leader today, you have to love people. Period. And when it comes to building organizations that will totally re-imagine what the world will be like in the future, we have to pour love into people, and create a new kind of culture that’s based around that, because love is what influences communities. And it influences our country and our world.

Mattison offers a couple of suggestions:
First, find something truly good and lovable in everyone you work with. No matter how difficult, there
are universal human needs and desires in everyone, and when we can embrace the commonality among us, we stop judging and rejecting, and we start to let our love out. It’s exactly that love, compassion and care that paves the way for people to grow.

And second, find a way to lead from service, not from power. It is proven that when you come from a deep desire to be of service – to others, to their organizations and to their communities – you lead very differently, and in a much more effective and influential way. While traditional leadership generally involves the accumulation and exercise of power by one at the “top of the pyramid,” servant leadership is different. The servant-leader shares power, puts the needs of others first and helps people develop and perform as highly as possible.”

It is through this positive and caring connection that engaged employees have a sense of ownership and personal connection to their work that results in higher levels of productivity and organizational performance.

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Trust or Collaboration?

The fundamental purpose of building and sustaining trust is to accomplish tasks and achieve goals. This is true for any enterprise, whether for-profit or not-for-profit. In this way, trust is an operational and a collaborative imperative. In health care organizations, lack of trust leads to below-average safety, quality, and patient and provider satisfaction.

As a leader you are acutely aware that trust and collaboration are inseparable. Trust and collaboration share the same purpose, and without trust any collaboration becomes a farce. After all, people – not processes, policies, strategies, tools or methods – make up the collaboration, and trust is critical in motivating people to do the actual work.

As a leader you also know that trust begins and ends with your own behaviour. Technical master, intelligence, personal and professional drive, past accomplishments, and even vision are admirable and necessary leadership qualities, but they alone do not inspire long-term trust and collaboration. These qualities must be complemented by interpersonal and behavioural competencies. A leader’s high degree of credibility is the sum of both behavioural and technical skills, and this credibility is what sustains trust. Trust, in turn, leads followers to support the concept of collaboration at first, and then ultimately to fully participate in, or pursue, collaborations.

In the absence of credible leaders, people will still perform their tasks and abide by organizational rules. They only do so, however, because they want to keep their jobs, and they perform at the lowest acceptable level possible. Obviously, this response is a narrow perspective that produces superficial results. A collaboration that is built on trust has a deeper meaning and thus has long lasting power. It energizes, engages and awakens passion and commitment, even in health care where many workers suffer from compassion fatigue, which is the stress, isolation, pain and apathy felt by caregivers.

As a leader you are not just a passive recipients of trust, you are also a proactive giver of trust. You view trust as a mutual practice. You work hard to earn and keep it, and you expect and demand others to do the same. By displaying trust worthy behaviour every day, you serve as a model to your followers and other partners.

For example, you spend time contemplating the qualities and qualifications of candidates for a senior leadership position. You do not hire quickly to expedite the recruitment and hiring processes, especially when the position has been open for a long time. Your goal is to find the most ideal match for the organization and its culture. This reflective practice accomplishes two goals: 1. It lessens the risk of hiring a selfish, uncooperative leader who could undermine the collective success of the leadership team, and 2. It sends the message to the entire organizations that you are serious about building and strengthening trust.
The impact of the low levels of trust ripples down and through the entire organization. If you see an organization with sub-par safety, quality, service, and financial performance indicators, you will find
the one key ingredient for excellence missing among the leadership team – trust! Every organization has great potential for creating high levels of organizational performance excellence – don’t forget that trust and collaboration are inseparable.

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Role Modeling

“Leaders lead”, as the old saying goes. This is a simplistic view of what leaders actually do; it does not take into account the fact that not everything a leader does is worth following. So let’s revise this saying to be more specific: “Leaders lead by modeling effective behaviour.”

As an ‘Influential Leader’ you are the role model of accountability regardless of rank or position. Your ‘effective behaviour’ must come from a conscious choice to live by your convictions, to change harmful mental models, and to manage your emotions. In health care this choice extends to the way you view your enormous responsibility for other people – from the internal senior management team, to governing board, to employees, to physicians and other clinical providers, to the patient population, to the community at large. Accountability is a practical instrument that you can use to keep yourself and those around you honest, focused and productive. As leader you know that an organization devoid of accountability is nothing but a collection of people who shift blame, feel victimized, procrastinate, and disguise their incompetence.

Another way you can role-model accountability is transparency – admit your own mistakes and vulnerabilities in the face of various responsibilities. For example, the leader can share a story in which he “dropped the ball” on an important project. He can explain the steps he took to recover from this event. The story can then be turned into a teaching moment that may inspire others to change their approach to avoid the negative outcome experienced by the storyteller. The point of this exercise, which is called power of story, is to show that a lack of accountability has the power to weaken even a strong performer and thus needs to be managed with vigilance.

In challenging situations or in situations of conflict, leaders can also role-model by asking themselves the question, “how did I contribute to this problem?” This simple question must be followed by an actual evaluation of your role, because just posing the question is as good as screaming, “I didn’t do it!” This show of genuine concern indicates to others that you see yourself as accountable, not only for the problem, but also for the solution. Without the use of accountability and feedback you will be leading in the dark.

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The Role Of The Leader In Promoting Accountability

An ‘influential leader’ is a leader with or without rank or position who leads with a positive mindset and is versed in the behaviour competencies of Self-awareness, Collaboration and Connection. In a collaborative culture with an ‘influential leader’, accountability is a visible practice. All team members are clear about their specific responsibilities. They are aware of the organization’s mission, vision, values, and how they fit into the framework. They are given measures and tools to use in this framework. They are given measures and tools to use in determining if they are moving forward or falling behind on their objectives. They are empowered to do their job, and they are rewarded for their efforts. The result is a high level of employee engagement with a vested interest in the success of the organization.

Accountability is indispensable in collaboration because the work is interrelated. For example, if one team member makes an error or falls behind schedule, he must report it to the rest of the team to stem the consequences. Failure to disclose a problem in one part could potentially damage the entire work.

In addition, taking responsibility for errors is easier in a collaborative setting, where the focus is on correction rather than on blame. Thus, fear of retribution is minimal, if it exists, allowing a more honest exchange among team members.

In a traditional culture with command and control leadership, however, the opposite is true. Although management demands and praises the value of accountability, it does not provide the resources and environment that enable accountability to flourish. This absence results in widespread confusion, distrust, and underachievement.

As a leader it is your duty to be aware of these pitfalls and thus behave, and urge others to behave, in a manner that promotes accountability. You do so by introducing the skill of Positive Presence and the Positive Presence Behaviour Competencies, thereby using the power of a positive mindset and the behaviours of collaboration and connection to set up your team for excellence.

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The Trust Quotient

The word trust is derived for the German word trost, meaning comfort. This is an appropriate association because when you trust someone, you are comforted by the belief that this person has your best interest at heart and thus will not endanger you or put you at risk. Trust is a critical component in all human interactions. Just as in mathematics, the quotient is the result of division. A leader has the ability to divide and separate teams as a result of their individual leader behaviour – the outcome is the trust that team has developed in their leader. As an equation, trust is the outcome divided by the impact of individual leader’s behaviour , or:

LEADER BEHAVIOUR / REPEATED INTERACTION = TRUST

Trust has many types. Following are two types of trust that are encountered most often in team settings:
Generalized. You trust on the basis of your mental model that people are generally honorable. Generalized trust is a leap of faith in that you choose to trust without evidence that your trust is deserved or without concrete assurance that whom you trust will deliver positive results. Social and ethical theorist Russell Hardin stated that “generalized trust must be a matter of relatively positive expectations of the trustworthiness, cooperativeness, and helpfulness of others.”
Behavioural. You bestow trust on the basis of how you experience a person’s behaviour toward you. That is, if someone has exhibited reliability, honesty, competency, compassion or courage over time, that person earns your trust. Earn is the operative word in this instance. Trust does not come automatically with positions of power. Even if it did, however (as is the case with generalized trust) trust cannot be sustained by virtue of rank alone. It must be supported by ongoing good behaviour, which then validates your confidence in bestowing your trust in that person.

When you adopt the foundational principle that “individual leader behaviour is the single most important predictor of organizational performance”, the focus is on the second type of trust – behavioural. Trust-earning or trust-building behaviours include:
• Consistency in manner, words, and actions
• Accountability and transparency, including actively listening, sharing information, and taking responsibility instead of blaming.
• Genuine or sincere interest in and concern for others.
• Respectful and equal regard for and treatment of others, regardless of rank or position.
• Focused attention
• Principled and evidence-based decision making
• Dedication to fulfilling (not just making) promises
• Willingness to celebrate and reward good and exceptional work

These behaviours depict the self-awareness traits of ‘influential leaders’. An ‘influential leader’ is a leader with or without rank or position who leads with a positive mindset and is versed in the behaviour competencies of Self-awareness, Collaboration and Connection. As masters of interpersonal relations, ‘influential leaders’ know that their everyday words, actions, and habits can either strengthen or weaken trust.

People can only take so much bad behaviour before they lose their willingness to trust and begin to feel disconnected from their leadership and organizations. You can all list the outcomes of an unmotivated, disengaged workforce, particularly in high stress and high risk environments. So it is, as a leader you must choose to make positive, impactful decisions that build trust in those with whom you work. You do so by introducing the skill of Positive Presence and the Positive Presence Behaviour Competencies – use the power of a positive mindset and the behaviours of collaboration and connection to make trust second nature.

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